UGC NET Law 2024 Exam

UGC NET Notification 2023 Out : UGC NET December 2023 Notification was released on 30th September 2023 by the National Testing Agency (NTA). Every year, the National Testing Agency (NTA) conducts the UGC NET exam twice to determine eligibility for Assistant Professorships, Junior Research Fellowships, or both for Indian Universities and Colleges. The online application process for UGC NET 2023 has been extended and interested and eligible candidates can apply online before 31st October 2023 by 11:59 pm. The NTA UGC NET exam is conducted twice in June & December every year. Though there is a provision for conducting the UGC NET exam twice a year. A session of the UGC NET 2023 (December 2023) will be conducted by the National Eligibility Authority (NTA) for the recruitment of Assistant Professors and Junior Research Fellows (JRFs). Universities and Colleges.  

The online registration dates and other important dates for the UGC NET Dec 2023 exam have been announced along with UGC NET Notification 2023. The UGC NET Application Form 2023 filling process has been extended till 31st October 2023 at www.ugcnet.nta.nic.in. Check the important dates for UGC NET 2023 as mentioned below. 
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Age criteria that candidates need to have in order to be eligible for the exam is as follows:

• To apply for Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) Candidates should not be aged more than 31 years as of June 01, 2022.
• For the role of Assistant Professor, there is no age bar to apply
• SC/ST/OBC/PwD and women candidates will be given a relaxation of five years. Candidates who have research experience will be given relaxation, limited to the period spent on research in the relevant subject of Post Graduation degree.

The candidates who are appearing for the UGC NET Exam for the post of Assistant professor only do not have to adhere to any upper limit pertaining to the age criteria.
 

The candidates applying for the UGC NET Exam 2022 for the post of JRF should not exceed the age of 31 years as of June 01, 2022. The candidates are also offered several relaxations based on the category they belong to. The candidates will not be eligible for the position if they cross the upper age limit set for the category they belong to.
 

Candidates need to obtain the below given educational qualification in order to be eligible for the UGC NET exam. Read them thoroughly before applying for the same:

• Candidates should secure at least 55% marks in master’s degree exam candidates belonging to Scheduled Caste (SC)/Scheduled Tribe (ST)/Other Backward Class (OBC)/Persons with Disability (PwD)/Transgender category is given relaxation of 5%.
• Candidates should have a post-graduation degree from a UGC-recognized college or university in relevant streams such as Electronic Science, Humanities, Computer Science & Applications, Social Science etc.
• Candidates appearing or waiting for their final year results (master’s degree) are also eligible to apply online for UGC NET. However, such candidates will be accepted provisionally and will be considered eligible only when they pass their master’s exam with the required percentage. “Such candidates need to complete their PG degree examination within two years from the date of NET result with required percentage of marks, failing which they shall be treated as disqualified”, notifies the Official website.
• Those who hold PhD degree whose master’s exams completed on September 19, 1991, are eligible for a relaxation of five percent marks in the aggregate i.e. only 50 percent marks will be required for such candidates.
• Candidates who have qualified as CA or CS or ICWA can appear for the UGC NET exam.
• SC students are applicable for National Fellowship based on the merit of each UGC-NET-JRF or CSIR-NET-JRF examination.

A candidate should be an Indian national to be eligible for UGC NET Recruitment. He should have any of the following document to prove his nationality:

1. Birth Certificate
2. Aadhar Card
3. Pan Card
4. School Leaving Certificate

The candidates must go through the below mentioned steps to download the UGC NET Admit Card.

Step 1: Click the direct link above to download the UGC NET Admit Card 2022.

Step 2: Candidates are required to enter their Login ID, date of birth, and security pin correctly.

Step 3: Click on the login button provided.

Step 4: Your UGC NET Admit Card will appear on your screen.

Step 5: Alternatively, you can also visit the UGC NET Official Website.

Step 6: The homepage of UGC NET will appear.

Step 7: Click the link “Download UGC NET Admit Card 2022.”

Step 8: Repeat the steps above mentioned downloading the admit card.

Step 9: Download it and take a print out of your admit card.

Step 10: Keep it safe for future reference.

Paper-I Syllabus

The UGC NET exam paper shall consist of two sessions Paper-I and Paper-II. The paper-I of UGC NET shall be a general paper based on teaching and aptitude regarding research. It shall consist of 50 Objective Type questions. The paper 2 of UGC NET shall comprise of specialization or any particular subject selected by the candidate. It shall also consist of 100 questions of objective type. There shall be a total of 84 specialization subjects for the UGC NET paper 2.

UGC NET Paper-I ( A General Paper on the Teaching & Research Aptitude) is actually quite common but mandatory for all aspirants. Go through the complete UGC NET Paper-I Syllabus 2022 as mentioned below:

• Nature and sources of law
• Schools of jurisprudence
• Law and morality 
• Concept of rights and duties 
• Legal personality
• Concepts of property, ownership and possession
• Concept of liability
• Law, poverty and development
• Global justice
• Modernism and postmodernism

• Preamble, fundamental rights and duties, directive principles of state policy.
• Union and State executive and their interrelationship
• Union and State legislature and distribution of legislative powers
• Judiciary 
• Emergency provisions
• Temporary, transitional and special provisions in respect of certain states
• Election Commission of India 
• Nature, scope and importance of administrative law
• Principle of natural justice
• Judicial review of administrative actions – Grounds.

• International law – Definition, nature and basis
• Sources of International law
• Recognition of states and governments
• Nationality, immigrants, refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs)
• Extradition and asylum
• United Nations and its organs
• Settlement of international disputes
• World Trade Organization (WTO)
• International humanitarian law (IHL) - Conventions and protocols
• Implementation of IHL - Challenges

• General principles of criminal liability – Actus reus and mens rea, individual and 
• group liability and constructive liability
• Stages of crime and inchoate crimes - Abetment, criminal conspiracy and attempt
• General exceptions
• Offences against human body
• Offences against state and terrorism
• Offences against property
• Offences against women and children
• Drug trafficking and counterfeiting 
• Offences against public tranquility
• Theories and kinds of punishments, compensation to the victims of crime

• Nature and definition of tort
• General principles of tortious liability
• General defenses
• Specific torts – Negligence, nuisance, trespass and defamation
• Remoteness of damages
• Strict and absolute liability
• Tortious liability of the State
• The Consumer Protection Act 1986 - Definitions, consumer rights and redressal mechanism
• The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 - No fault liability, third party insurance and claims tribunal
• The Competition Act, 2002 - Prohibition of certain agreements, abuse of dominant position and regulation of combinations

• Essential elements of contract and e-contract
• Breach of contract, frustration of contract, void and voidable agreements
• Standard form of contract and quasi-contract
• Specific contracts - Bailment, pledge, indemnity, guarantee and agency
• Sale of Goods Act, 1930
• Partnership and limited liability partnership
• Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
• Company law – Incorporation of a company, prospectus, shares and debentures
• Company law – Directors and meetings
• Corporate social responsibility

• Sources and schools
• Marriage and dissolution of marriage
• Matrimonial remedies - Divorce and theories of divorce
• Changing dimensions of institution of marriage – Live-in relationship 
• Recognition of foreign decrees in India on marriage and divorce 
• Maintenance, dower and stridhan
• Adoption, guardianship and acknowledgement 
• Succession and inheritance 
• Will, gift and wakf
• Uniform Civil Code

• Meaning and concept of ‘environment’ and ‘environmental pollution’
• International environmental law and UN Conferences
• Constitutional and legal framework for protection of environment in India 
• Environmental Impact Assessment and control of hazardous waste in India
• National Green Tribunal
• Concept and development of human rights
• Universalism and cultural relativism
• International Bill of Rights
• Group rights – Women, children, persons with disabilities, elderly persons, minorities and weaker sections
• Protection and enforcement of human rights in India – National Human Rights Commission, National Commission for Minorities, National Commission for Women, National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National Commission for Schedule Tribes and National Commission for Backward Classes 

• Concept and meaning of intellectual property
• Theories of intellectual property
• International conventions pertaining to intellectual properties
• Copyright and neighboring rights – Subject matters, limitations and exceptions, infringement and remedies
• Law of patent – Patentability, procedure for grant of patent, limitations and exceptions, infringement and remedies
• Law of trademark – Registration of trademarks, kinds of trademarks, infringement and passing off, remedies
• Protection of Geographical Indications
• Bio-diversity and Traditional Knowledge 
• Information technology law- digital signature and electronic signature, electronic governance, electronic records and duties of subscribers
• Cyber crimes, penalties and adjudication

• Comparative Law – Relevance, methodology, problems and concerns in Comparison 
• Forms of governments – Presidential and parliamentary, unitary and federal
• Models of federalism – USA, Canada and India
• Rule of Law – ‘Formal’ and ‘substantive’ versions
• Separation of powers – India, UK, USA and France
• Independence of judiciary, judicial activism and accountability – India, UK and USA
• Systems of constitutional review – India, USA, Switzerland and France
• Amendment of the Constitution – India, USA and South Africa
• Ombudsman –Sweden, UK and India
• Open Government and Right to Information - USA, UK and India

The following table portrays the mark distribution and a number of questions for both papers. Please note that the topics in the Paper - I syllabus is an expected and not fixed. 

Every candidate that has applied for the UGC NET exam will mandatorily have to sit for paper 1 which consists of a total of 10 sections. Candidates will have to attempt the questions and clear this paper in order to appear for the paper 2 which is the next stage in the UGC NET examinations.

• The questions will be objective type.
• Each question will carry 2 marks.
• Paper I will be for a duration of 1 hour.
• No negative marking for wrong answers in Paper I.

NTA in its latest notification on UGC NET Paper 2 exam has stated that this paper will depend on the subject that an individual chooses out of the 82 available subjects while filling out the UGC NET examination. Also the Candidates can only  appear in their Post-Graduation subject for Paper 2 of UGC NET exam In case, their subject of Post graduation is not included in the list of 82 subjects, they can choose a comparable subject.
However, for any subject, people choose, the exam pattern will be the same for all subjects. The candidates have to be very well read and through with their subjects as it will test their subject knowledge mainly. The paper will be objective type. Below is an overview of the NTA UGC NET paper pattern for the same.

• Each question will carry 2 marks.
• Paper-II will have a duration of 2 hours.
• No negative marking will be given for wrong answers in Paper-II.

The candidates will have to apply for the exam on the official website of NTA. The steps to be followed to apply online for the UGC NET Exam have been given below.
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Step 1: Visit the official website of UGC.

Step 2: UGC NET Application Form will be showcased on the screen. 

Step 3: Fill in all the required details ( personal and educational details) in the UGC application form carefully without any mistakes.

Step 4: Candidates can then proceed to upload the scanned photograph

Step 5: After the photograph has been attached a message consisting of the application number will be displayed on the screen.

Step 6: After that, the required fee must be paid

Step 7: Once the payment is done, you can take the printout of the Application form 2023 for future reference.

Note - Candidates are also requested to download and install the SANDES application as a secondary channel to receive time-to-time notifications from NTA.

It is really important to know about the UGC NET application fee which all candidates are required to pay for registering themselves for the examination. The detailed application fee for different categories is shown below in table-